Methods and apparatus for reliable inter radio access network handover

ABSTRACT

In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, a method comprises receiving at a first network node an inter-radio access technology (RAT) signaling message from a source node, a handover signaling message including inter-RAT handover information including a START packet switched (START PS) value; determining whether the START PS value is reliable prior to handing over to a second network node at least based in part on the source node from which the START PS value is received and inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator; building an inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator to indicate whether the START PS value is reliable and including the inter-RAT handover info reliability indicator in a second signaling message; and forwarding the second signaling message to the second network node.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates generally to method and apparatus forreliable inter radio access technology handover.

BACKGROUND

It is common to have a wireless mobile station to roam from one wirelessnetwork to another wireless network of a different wireless technology.For example, a mobile station often roams from a third generation (3G)network such as a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)network to a second generation (2G) network or vice versa. Part of thehandover of the mobile station from one network to a target network isto ensure the security of the signaling and data when they reach thetarget network, in particular when the target network is a UMTS network.The security is achieved by the exchange of the security parametersbetween the network and the mobile station needed for ciphering andintegrity protection of signaling and data radio bearer in a connectedmode.

An inter-radio access technology (RAT) handover information includes astart packet switched (START PS) value, an UMTS security parameterassociated with the mobile station that is used in the UMTS networks inpacket switched domain. Different networks may have different methods ofobtaining the inter-RAT handover information including the START PSvalue. For example, a long-term evolution (LTE) network node may obtainthe START PS value by querying the mobile station for the inter-RAThandover information including the START PS value when the mobilestation roams into the LTE network, which is generated by the mobilestation. On the other hand, a 2G network node such as a Global Systemfor Mobile communications (GSM) network node may pass a receivedinter-RAT handover information including the START PS value to a nextGSM network node.

SUMMARY

Various aspects of examples of the invention are set out in the claims.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method comprisesreceiving at a first network node an inter-radio access technology (RAT)signaling message from a source network node, the inter-RAT signalingmessage including inter-RAT handover information including a STARTpacket switched (START PS) value; determining whether the START PS valueis reliable prior to handing over to a second network node at leastbased in part on the source node from which the START PS value isreceived and inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator;building an inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator toindicate whether the START PS value is reliable and including theinter-RAT handover info reliability indicator in a second inter-RATsignaling message; and forwarding the second inter-RAT signaling messageto the second network node.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, an apparatuscomprises an interface module configured to receive at a first networknode an inter-radio access technology (RAT) signaling message from asource network node, the inter-RAT signaling message including a packetswitched (PS) value; and forwarding a second inter-RAT signaling messageincluding an inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator to asecond network node. The apparatus also comprises a handover moduleconfigured to determine whether the START PS value is reliable prior tohanding over to the second network node based on the source node fromwhich the START PS value is received, build the inter-RAT handoverinformation reliability indicator indicating whether the START PS valueis reliable and include the inter-RAT handover START PS valuereliability indicator in the second inter-RAT signaling message.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, an apparatuscomprises at least one processor; and at least one memory includingcomputer program code the at least one memory and the computer programcode configured to receive at a first network node an inter-radio accesstechnology (RAT) signaling message from a source network node, theinter-RAT signaling message including a START packet switched (START PS)value. The computer program code is further configured to determinewhether the START PS value is reliable prior to handing off to a secondnetwork node based on a source node from which the START PS value isreceived; build an inter-RAT handover information reliability indicatorindicating whether the START PS value is reliable and include theinter-RAT handover information reliability indicator in a secondinter-RAT signaling message; and forward the second inter-RAT signalingmessage to the second network node.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of example embodiments of the presentinvention, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken inconnection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example method for a reliable inter-RAT PShandover;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example message flow chart for exchanging START PSvalue reliability information;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus for inter-RAT handover with aninter-RAT handover PS reliability indicator; and

FIG. 5 illustrates an example wireless network apparatus for reliableinter-RAT handover.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Different ways of obtaining the START PS value for handover of a mobilestation from a 3G network node to a 2G network node may causeinconsistent START PS values to be passed between network nodes. Forexample, a START PS value stored in the mobile station may becomeinconsistent with the START PS value received in a radio networkcontroller (RNC) during a handover if the inter-RAT handover informationincluding the START PS value is passed from a UMTS network node to a GSMnetwork node and thereafter passed to the radio network controller inthe UMTS network. This may cause the connection failure due to which nosignaling or data is transferred between the mobile station and theradio network controller. One solution for dealing with this issue is todetermine at a 2G network node whether or not a START PS value isreliable according to the source node and by means of an indicator. Anindicator, an inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator forexample, may be created and included in an handover signaling message toindicate to a next receiving node whether the START PS value isreliable. A 2G network node may rely on the value of the inter-RAThandover information reliability indicator to determine whether thereceived START PS value is reliable. START PS value is considered notreliable if the source node is the radio network controller in UMTS.

An example embodiment of the present invention and its potentialadvantages are understood by referring to FIGS. 1 through 5 of thedrawings.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless system 100. The example wirelesssystem 100 includes a first wireless network 110 and a second wirelessnetwork 120. In one example embodiment, the first wireless network 110is a UMTS network, and the second wireless network 120 is a 2G networksuch as a GSM network. The example wireless network 110 includes twonetwork nodes, a base station system (BSS) 112 and a second base stationsystem 114. The example wireless network 120 includes a base stationsystem 122 and a second base station system 124. A mobile station 102 isbeing handed over by the BSS 112 of the wireless network 110 to the BSS122 of the wireless network 120. Connected to both the networks 110 and120 is a network validation center 130 which is responsible forvalidating the reliability of the START PS value during the handoverprocess.

In one example embodiment, the BSS 122 receives an inter-RAT signalingmessage as part of the handover process, the inter-RAT handoverinformation including a START PS value. The START PS value is obtainedwhile the mobile station is inside the example wireless network 110 andmay not be reliable for the wireless network 120. The BSS 122 isconfigured to identify the source of the START PS value, which is theBSS 112, a 3G or 4G network node. Based on the source node information,the BSS creates an inter-RAT handover information value reliabilityindicator and set the indicator to 0 if the START PS value is notreliable. Alternatively, the BSS 122 may query the mobile station 102for a new inter-RAT handover information including the START PS value,set the indicator to 1 and include the indicator in a new inter-RATsignaling message to be sent to the next receiving node. In one exampleembodiment, the indicator is included in a PS-HANDOVER-REQUIRED-PDUmessage to be included in the new inter-RAT signaling message to be sentto the BSS 124.

In one example embodiment, the BSS 124, upon receiving the inter-RATsignaling message, may check the inter-RAT handover informationreliability indicator. If the START PS value is reliable, the BSS 124may pass it on to the network validation center (NVC) 130. If theindicator indicates that the START PS value is not reliable, the BSS 124may obtain a new inter-RAT handover information including the START PSvalue from the mobile station 102 and then pass on the newly acquiredSTART PS value to the network validation center 130 as part of thevalidation process during the handover process.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example method 200 for a reliable inter-RAT PShandover. The method 200 may include receiving an inter-RAT signalingmessage at block 202 and determining whether a received START PS valueis reliable at block 204. The method 200 may also include obtaining anew PS value e and building an inter-RAT handover informationreliability indicator at block 206 and forwarding an inter-RAT signalingmessage including the inter-RAT handover information reliabilityindicator to a second network node at block 208. The method 200 may alsoinclude receiving a second inter-RAT signaling message including aninter-RAT handover information reliability indicator at block 210 andforwarding the second inter-RAT signaling message to a third networknode at block 212.

In one example embodiment, receiving the inter-RAT signaling message atblock 202 may include receiving a protocol-specific inter-RAT signalingmessage which may be sent across two different types of radio accessnetworks. One example inter-RAT signaling message is a signaling messagesent between a 3G or 4^(th) generation (4G) network such as a UMTS or aLTE network and a 2G network such as a GSM network. Receiving theinter-RAT signaling message at block 202 may also include identifyingthe sender of the inter-RAT signaling message.

In one example embodiment, determining whether a received START PS valueis reliable at block 204 may include first determining the type of thesource node responsible for sending the inter-RAT signaling message thatincludes the START PS value. For example, if the source node is a UMTSnetwork node, the receiving node is a 2G network node, the START PSvalue may be unreliable, at least in part due to the fact that theforwarded START PS values are not generated by the mobile stationoutside the UMTS network. On the other hand, if the source node is a 2Gnetwork node and the receiving node is also a 2G network node, thereceived START PS value can be reliable provided that the inter-RAThandover information reliability indicator is set to “reliable”.

In one example embodiment, obtaining a new START PS value at block 206may include querying an associated mobile station that is being handedover for a new START PS value. In an alternative embodiment, the newSTART PS value is not obtained at the same time as the inter-RAThandover information reliability indicator is built and may be obtainedlater by another network node. Instead, only the inter-RAT handoverinformation reliability indicator is built. In one example, embodiment,building the inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator mayinclude creating an information element reliable inter-RAT handover Infoto include the inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator,setting the indicator value to “reliable” or “unreliable” depending onthe determination on whether the received START PS value is reliable. Inone embodiment, the handover signaling message is aPS-handover-required-protocol data unit (PDU) message sent from a GERANA/Gb mode base station system to a GERAN A/Gb mode base station system.Alternatively, a BSS-packet flow context (PFC) PDU is built and includedin the signaling message.

In one example embodiment, forwarding the inter-RAT handover START PSvalue reliability indicator at block 208 may include forwarding thesignaling message including the inter-RAT handover START PS valuereliability indicator to a next target network node, as part of thehandover process.

Receiving a second handover signaling message including an inter-RAThandover START PS value reliability indicator at block 210 may includereceiving a signaling message from another 2G network node and aninter-RAT handover START PS value reliability indicator included in thesignaling may indicate whether the START PS value included in thesignaling message is reliable. Depending on whether or not the START PSvalue received is reliable, the receiving node may obtain a newinter-RAT handover information including the START PS value from themobile station. Alternatively, the receiving node may forward thesignaling message to the next target network node without obtaining anew START PS value.

In one example embodiment, forwarding the second handover signalingmessage to a third network node at block 212 may include sending thesignaling message to another 2G target network node. If the indicatorindicates that the START PS value is not reliable, the receiving nodemay query the associated mobile station for an updated START PS valueand send the new START PS value to a network validation center directlyor indirectly.

In one example embodiment, the method 200 is implemented at the networknode base station system 120 of FIG. 1 or in the wireless apparatus 400of FIG. 4. The method 200 is for illustration only and the steps of themethod 300 may be combined, divided, or executed in a different orderthan illustrated, without departing from the scope of the invention ofthis example embodiment.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example message flow chart 300 for exchangingSTART PS value reliability information. The message flow chart 300 maystart with a UMTS node sending an inter-RAT handover signaling messageat 302. Included in the handover signaling message is a START PS value.A first GSM Edge Radio Access Network (GERAN) node receives theinter-RAT handover signaling message, decodes at least part of thesignaling message and determines whether the START PS value is reliablebased on the source node type of the signaling message. In this case,the START PS value is not reliable because the source network node ofthe inter-RAT handover signaling message is a UMTS node. The node GERAN1 may obtain a new START PS value by querying the associated mobilestation, create an inter-RAT handover START PS value reliabilityindicator and set the value of the indicator to “reliable” since thecorrect START PS value is obtained. Alternatively, the node GERAN 1 maysimply set the indicator to “unreliable” and forward the signalingmessage to the node GERAN 2. The node GERAN 2 may only forward thesignaling message to the next network node at 308, which may be anotherGERAN node, another LTE node or a network validation center. Inaddition, the node GERAN2 may send an acknowledgement (ACK) back to thenode GERAN1 at 310 to notify its reception of the START PS value.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 400 for reliable inter-RAT PShandover with an inter-RAT handover START PS value reliabilityindicator. In one example embodiment, the apparatus 400 may include aninterface module 412 and a handover module 414. The interface module 412may be configured to receive an inter-RAT signaling message from asource network node, the inter-RAT signaling message including a STARTPS value. The interface module 412 is also configured to forward thesignaling message including a new START PS value and the inter-RAThandover START PS value reliability indicator to a second network node.

In one example embodiment, the handover module 414 may be configured todetermine whether a PS value is reliable prior to handing over theassociated mobile station to the second network node based on a type ofthe source node from which the START PS value is received. The handovermodule 414 may also be configured to obtain a new START PS value andbuild an inter-RAT handover START PS value reliability indicator if theSTART PS value is not reliable. The handover module 414 may also beconfigured to determine whether the START PS value is reliable afteridentifying the source node of the START PS value and determine that theSTART PS value is not reliable if the source node is one of a UTMSnetwork node. The START PS value is reliable if it is received from themobile station in a 2G or LTE wireless network or if the source node isanother 2G wireless network node which has set the inter-RAT handoverreliability indicator to “reliable.” The START PS value is a securityparameter exchanged between the mobile station and a network validationcenter via one or more base station systems. The handover module 414 isfurther configured to query an associated mobile station for a new STARTPS value if the inter-RAT handover information reliability indicatorindicates that a START PS value is not reliable. In one exampleembodiment, the inter-RAT handover PS information reliability indicatoris a one-bit indicator encoded in a reliable inter-RAT handoverinformation element (IE).

In an example embodiment, the apparatus 400 may be part of a 2G basestation system in an A/Gb mode or other equivalent network node.Although FIG. 4 illustrates one example of apparatus 400 for inter-RATPS handover with an inter-RAT handover information reliabilityindicator, various changes may be made to the apparatus 400 withoutdeparting from the principles of the invention. For example, thehandover module 414 may be combined with other modules or furtherdivided into different modules without affecting the effect of theapparatus 400.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example wireless network apparatus for reliableinter-RAT handover. In FIG. 5, the wireless apparatus 500 may include aprocessor 515, a memory 514 coupled to the processor 515, and a suitabletransceiver 513 (having a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX)) coupledto the processor 515, coupled to an antenna unit 518. The memory 514 maystore programs such as a reliable PS handover module 512. The wirelessapparatus 500 may be part of a wireless base station system.

The processor 515 or some other form of generic central processing unit(CPU) or special-purpose processor such as digital signal processor(DSP), may operate to control the various components of the wirelessapparatus 500 in accordance with embedded software or firmware stored inmemory 514 or stored in memory contained within the processor 515itself. In addition to the embedded software or firmware, the processor515 may execute other applications or application modules stored in thememory 514 or made available via wireless network communications. Theapplication software may comprise a compiled set of machine-readableinstructions that configures the processor 515 to provide the desiredfunctionality, or the application software may be high-level softwareinstructions to be processed by an interpreter or compiler to indirectlyconfigure the processor 515.

In an example embodiment, the reliable PS handover module 512 may beconfigured to receive at a first network node an inter-radio accesstechnology (RAT) signaling message from a source network node, theinter-RAT signaling message including a start packet switched (START PS)value and determine whether the START PS value is reliable prior tohanding off to a second network node based on the source node from whichthe START PS value is received and the inter-RAT handover informationreliability indicator. The reliable PS handover module 512 may also beconfigured to obtain an inter-RAT handover START PS value reliabilityindicator indicating whether the START PS value is reliable andincluding the inter-RAT handover START PS value reliability indicator ina new inter-RAT signaling message and forward the inter inter-RATsignaling message to a next target network node.

The transceiver 513 is for bidirectional wireless communications withanother wireless device. The transceiver 513 may provide frequencyshifting, converting received RF signals to baseband and convertingbaseband transmit signals to RF. In some descriptions a radiotransceiver or RF transceiver may be understood to include other signalprocessing functionality such as modulation/demodulation,coding/decoding, interleaving/deinterleaving, spreading/despreading,inverse fast fourier transforming (IFFT)/fast fourier transforming(FFT), cyclic prefix appending/removal, and other signal processingfunctions. For the purposes of clarity, the description here separatesthe description of this signal processing from the RF and/or radio stageand conceptually allocates that signal processing to some analogbaseband processing unit and/or the processor 515 or other centralprocessing unit. In some embodiments, the transceiver 513, portions ofthe antenna unit 518, and an analog baseband processing unit may becombined in one or more processing units and/or application specificintegrated circuits (ASICs).

The antenna unit 518 may be provided to convert between wireless signalsand electrical signals, enabling the wireless apparatus 500 to send andreceive information from a cellular network or some other availablewireless communications network or from a peer wireless device. In anembodiment, the antenna unit 518 may include multiple antennas tosupport beam forming and/or multiple input multiple output (MIMO)operations. As is known to those skilled in the art, MIMO operations mayprovide spatial diversity and multiple parallel channels which can beused to overcome difficult channel conditions and/or increase channelthroughput. The antenna unit 518 may include antenna tuning and/orimpedance matching components, RF power amplifiers, and/or low noiseamplifiers.

As shown in FIG. 5, the wireless apparatus 500 may further include ameasurement unit 516, which measures the signal strength level that isreceived from another wireless device, and compare the measurements witha configured threshold. The measurement unit may be utilized by thewireless apparatus 500 in conjunction with various exemplary embodimentsof the invention, as described herein.

According to one embodiment, an apparatus comprises means for receivingat a first network node an inter-radio access technology (RAT) signalingmessage from a source network node, the inter-RAT signaling messageincluding a packet switched (PS) value; means for determining whetherthe START PS value is reliable prior to handing off to a second networknode based on a source node from which the START PS value is receivedand the inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator; means forgenerating an inter-RAT handover START PS value reliability indicatorindicating whether the START PS value is reliable and including theinter-RAT handover START PS value reliability indicator in a secondinter-RAT signaling message; and means for forwarding the secondinter-RAT signaling message to the second network node.

Without in any way limiting the scope, interpretation, or application ofthe claims appearing below, a technical effect of one or more of theexample embodiments disclosed herein is reliable inter-RAT handover ofSTART PS value to avoid validation failure when a user roams from onenetwork such as a 3G network to another network such as a 2G network.

Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in software,hardware, application logic or a combination of software, hardware andapplication logic. The software, application logic and/or hardware mayreside a base station system. In an example embodiment, the applicationlogic, software or an instruction set is maintained on any one ofvarious conventional computer-readable media. In the context of thisdocument, a “computer-readable medium” may be any media or means thatcan contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport the instructionsfor use by or in connection with an instruction execution system,apparatus, or device, such as a computer, with one example of a computerdescribed and depicted in FIG. 5. A computer-readable medium maycomprise a computer-readable storage medium that may be any media ormeans that can contain or store the instructions for use by or inconnection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device,such as a computer.

If desired, the different functions discussed herein may be performed ina different order and/or concurrently with each other. Furthermore, ifdesired, one or more of the above-described functions may be optional ormay be combined.

Although various aspects of the invention are set out in the independentclaims, other aspects of the invention comprise other combinations offeatures from the described embodiments and/or the dependent claims withthe features of the independent claims, and not solely the combinationsexplicitly set out in the claims.

It is also noted herein that while the above describes exampleembodiments of the invention, these descriptions should not be viewed ina limiting sense. Rather, there are several variations and modificationswhich may be made without departing from the scope of the presentinvention as defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising receiving at a first network node an inter-radio access technology (RAT) signaling message from a source node, the inter-RAT signaling message including inter-RAT handover information including a start packet switched (START PS) value; determining whether the START PS value is reliable prior to handing over to a second network node at least based in part on the source node from which the START PS value is received; building an inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator to indicate whether the START PS value is reliable and including the inter-RAT handover info reliability indicator in a second inter-RAT signaling message; and forwarding the second inter-RAT signaling message to the second network node, wherein the inter-RAT information reliability indicator is configured as a one bit indicator, and wherein the building the inter-RAT information reliability indicator comprises setting the inter-RAT information reliability indicator to one of 0 or 1, depending on whether the START PS value is reliable.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein determining whether the START PS value is reliable comprises identifying the source node of the inter-RAT handover information and determining that the inter-RAT handover information is not reliable if the source node is a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UTMS) network node or if the source node is a second generation (2G) wireless network node and the inter-RAT signaling message includes a second inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator that is set to
 0. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein determining whether the START PS value is reliable comprises determining that the START PS value is reliable if the source node is a second generation (2G) wireless network node and if the second inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator is set to “1”.
 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising obtaining a new START PS value by querying an associated mobile station for new inter-RAT handover information and including the new inter-RAT handover information including a new START PS value in the second inter-RAT signaling message.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein building the inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator comprises building an information element including the inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator in the second inter-RAT signaling message.
 6. The method of claim 5 wherein building the information element comprising building a base station system (BSS)-packet flow context (PFC) protocol data unit (PDU).
 7. The method of claim 6 wherein forwarding the second inter-RAT signaling message to the second network node further comprises forwarding the second inter-RAT signaling message to a 2G network node.
 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising receiving a third inter-RAT signaling message including a second PS handover reliability indicator from a 2G network node; and validating the second inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator and the START PS value included in the inter-RAT signaling message.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising forwarding the third inter-RAT signaling message to a second 2G network node if the second PS handover reliability indicator indicates that the second START PS value is reliable.
 10. An apparatus, comprising: an interface module configured to receive at a first network node an inter-radio access technology (RAT) signaling message from a source node, the inter-RAT signaling message including a start packet switched (START PS) value; and forward a second inter-RAT signaling message including an inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator to a second network node; and a handover module configured to determine whether the START PS value is reliable prior to handing over to the second network node based on the source node from which the START PS value is received; and build the inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator indicating whether the START PS value is reliable and include the inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator in the second inter-RAT signaling message, wherein the inter-RAT information reliability indicator is configured as a one bit indicator, and wherein the building the inter-RAT information reliability indicator comprises setting the inter-RAT information reliability indicator to one of 0 or 1, depending on whether the START PS value is reliable.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the handover module is further configured to identify the source node from which the START PS value is received and determine that the inter-RAT handover information is not reliable if the source node is a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UTMS) network node or if the source node is a second generation (2G) wireless network node and the inter-RAT signaling message includes a second inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator that is set to
 0. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the handover module is further configured to determine that the START PS value is reliable if the source node is a second generation (2G) wireless network node and the second inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator is set to “1”.
 13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the START PS value is a security parameter exchanged between an associated mobile station and a network validation center, the associated mobile station in a process of being handed over from the source node to a target node.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator is a one-bit indicator encoded in a reliable inter-RAT handover information element (IE) included in the second inter-RAT signaling message.
 15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the handover module is further configured to query the associated mobile station for a new START PS value if the inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator indicates that the START PS value is not reliable.
 16. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the first network node is a 2G network node and the second network node is one of a 2G network node and a third generation (3G) network node.
 17. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the first network node is a 2G base station system in an A/Gb mode.
 18. An apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to receive at a first network node an inter-radio access technology (RAT) signaling message from a source node, the inter-RAT signaling message including a START packet switched (START PS) value; determine whether the START PS value is reliable prior to handing off to a second network node based on a source node from which the START PS value is received; build an inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator indicating whether the START PS value is reliable and include the inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator in a second inter-RAT signaling message; and forward the second inter-RAT signaling message to the second network node, wherein the inter-RAT information reliability indicator is configured as a one bit indicator, and wherein the building the inter-RAT information reliability indicator comprises setting the inter-RAT information reliability indicator to one of 0 or 1, depending on whether the START PS value is reliable.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code is further configured to determine that the inter-RAT handover information is not reliable if the source node is a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UTMS) network node or if the source node is a second generation (2G) wireless network node and the inter-RAT signaling message includes a second inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator that is set to
 0. 20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code is further configured to determine that the START PS value is reliable if the source node is a second generation (2G) wireless network node or LTE node and if the second inter-RAT handover information reliability indicator is set to
 1. 